Context:

The Haenyeo of Jeju Island, South Korea, are a unique group of female divers who engage in free diving without breathing equipment, a tradition passed down matrilineally for thousands of years. Research led by Melissa Ann Ilardo explores whether their ability to dive, which includes descending up to 60 feet multiple times daily, is due to genetic adaptations or intense training. The study revealed genetic differences, such as a variant associated with lower blood pressure, which might have evolved to protect unborn children as the Haenyeo dive during pregnancy. The research also found that these women have a slower heart rate during dives, indicating a significant aspect of their diving prowess comes from training. Despite their unique abilities, the tradition is at risk as the current divers average 70 years old, and fewer young women are continuing the practice, potentially marking the last generation of Haenyeo divers.

Dive Deeper:

• The Haenyeo of Jeju Island are celebrated for their ability to dive up to 60 feet underwater without breathing equipment, a skill passed through generations in a matrilineal tradition that involves collecting seafood from the ocean floor.

• Research conducted by Melissa Ann Ilardo and her team aimed to determine if the Haenyeo's diving capabilities are due to genetic adaptations or intensive training, revealing unique genetic variations linked to lower blood pressure and cold tolerance.

• The study found that Jeju participants had a genetic variant associated with reduced blood pressure increase during dives, which may have evolved to protect unborn children, as the Haenyeo dive during pregnancy.

• In addition to genetic factors, training plays a significant role in the Haenyeo's diving abilities, as evidenced by their significantly slower heart rates during dives compared to non-divers, allowing them to conserve oxygen more efficiently.

• The tradition of the Haenyeo is endangered as the current divers' average age is around 70, with fewer young women interested in continuing the practice, potentially leading to the end of this unique cultural heritage.

• Simulated dive tests revealed physiological responses similar to actual dives, such as slowed heart rates and increased blood pressure, confirming the effectiveness of the mammalian dive reflex even in controlled environments.

• Ilardo's approach to studying the Haenyeo highlights the importance of understanding human adaptability outside of urban settings, contributing valuable insights into genetic variations that could inform medical advancements for blood pressure disorders.