Context:

Saudi Arabia has undergone a significant transformation since Donald Trump's last visit in 2017, with the implementation of Vision 2030 leading to major social, economic, and cultural changes under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (M.B.S). The dismantling of guardianship laws has empowered Saudi women, and the country has become a major investor in renewable energy, though it remains dependent on oil. Despite improvements in the U.S.-Saudi relationship during Joe Biden's presidency, many Saudis still favor Trump's direct approach. As Saudi Arabia seeks to align more closely with U.S. ambitions in technology and security, Trump could enhance bilateral ties by supporting AI and defense collaborations. However, the kingdom still faces challenges such as human rights concerns, regional instability, and navigating its complex relationship with the United States and other key global players.

Dive Deeper:

• Saudi Arabia has experienced considerable change since 2017, driven by Vision 2030, which aims to transform the nation socially and economically, spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

• The lifting of restrictive guardianship laws has significantly increased opportunities for Saudi women, allowing them to participate in all industries and even form a professional soccer league, marking a societal shift in gender roles.

• The Saudi government's focus on renewable energy investments reflects a strategic move to secure a prosperous future beyond oil dependency, yet the nation still relies heavily on oil revenues.

• While the U.S.-Saudi relationship improved under President Biden with initiatives like potential treaty alliances and economic partnerships, many Saudis appreciate Trump's straightforward business-centric approach which aligns with their interests.

• Saudi Arabia's ambitions to strengthen ties with the U.S. in AI and security highlight its desire to be a key partner, yet the country must address human rights issues and regional conflicts to foster a stable Middle East.

• Trump's potential visit could focus on easing exports of advanced technology to Saudi Arabia and promoting educational exchanges, as well as supporting normalization efforts between Saudi Arabia and Israel, contingent on regional peace.

• Despite the kingdom's internal advancements, challenges remain such as judicial transparency, border conflicts and the need to manage alliances in a multipolar world where Saudi Arabia has multiple partnership options.